Preparedness
Invisible Threats Lurking Post-Disaster
In the aftermath of a disaster, the most significant threat to survival often comes not from external dangers like violence, but from within: the rapid spread of communicable diseases. These illnesses can swiftly devastate communities and family groups, making it crucial to prioritize health and hygiene in survival scenarios.
The consumption of contaminated water or improperly prepared food, along with the mishandling of human waste, poses a greater risk of preventable deaths than many might assume. This is evident in urban areas like Los Angeles, where diseases transmitted by fleas and feces are on the rise. Outbreaks of typhoid, typhus, hepatitis A, tuberculosis, and staph infections highlight the pressing need for vigilance.
To mitigate this triangle of disease, it is essential to ensure the proper sterilization of water and the correct cooking and handling of food. Equally important is the practice of handwashing.
“The importance of handwashing to keeping your family or group healthy cannot be overstated,” as emphasized by the Center for Disease Control (CDC).
They note that washing hands with soap effectively removes germs, preventing infections by stopping germs from entering the body through the eyes, nose, and mouth. Moreover, unwashed hands can contaminate food and surfaces, leading to further spread. Handwashing can significantly reduce the incidence of diarrhea by 23-40%.
In scenarios where plumbing is unavailable, constructing latrines becomes a priority. For short stays, a simple, shallow hole may suffice, but longer-term setups require more robust solutions. A pit latrine should be at least 8-10 feet deep and 3-4 feet in diameter, lined with rocks or bricks to prevent collapse, especially in loose soil. It should be positioned at least 100 feet from water sources and away from areas prone to flooding, as well as downwind from cooking areas.
In addition to handwashing, using gloves and masks can further reduce the transmission of diseases, particularly when caring for the sick or during an outbreak. Separating healthy individuals from those who are ill is vital, and in severe cases, caregivers may need to be quarantined with the sick to protect the larger group.
By prioritizing hygiene and implementing these practices, communities can better safeguard themselves against the invisible threats that often follow in the wake of disaster.
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